「本文原载英文期刊The China Journal ,No.54,July 2005,译成中文时略有改动」
注释:
1例见Louis Putterman ,“The Incentive Problem and the Demise of Team Farmingin China”,Journal of Development Economics ,Vol.26,No.1(1987),pp.103-127;Louis Putterman,“Ration Subsidies and Incentives in the Pre-reform ChineseCommune ”,Economica,Vol.55,No.218(1988),pp.235-247;James K.Kung,“Egalitarianism,Subsistence Provision,and Work Incentives in China ‘s AgriculturalCollectives ”,World Development,Vol.22,No.2(1994),pp.175-187.
2例见Justin Y.Lin ,“The Household Responsibility System in China‘s AgriculturalReform:A Theoretical and Empirical Study”,Economic Development and CulturalChange,Vol.36,No.3(1988),pp.S199-224;Justin Y.Lin,“Collectivizationand China ’s Agricultural Crisis in 1959-1961”,Journal of Political Economy ,Vol.98,No.6(1990),pp.1228-1252;Justin Y.Lin,“China :Farming Institutionsand Rural Development ”,in Mieke Meurs (ed.),Many Shades of Red :StatePolicy and Collective Agriculture (Lanham:Rowman &Littlefield ,1999),pp.151-183;Peter Nolan,“De-collectivization of Agriculture in China ,1979-1982:A Long Term Perspective,”Cambridge Journal of Economics,Vol.7,No.3-4(1983),pp.381-403.
3有关中国乡村社会中的陈规、惯例和话语系统对村民日常社会行为的影响的详细讨论,参见李怀印《华北村治:1875-1938年的获鹿县》一书(Li Huaiyin,Village Governancein North China,1875-1936,Stanford University Press,2005)。
4参看William Parish and Martin King Whyte,Village and Family in ContemporaryChina [Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1978],p.64;John P.Burns,Political Participation in Rural China [Berkeley:University of California Press,1988],77);Richard Madsen ,Morality and Power in a Chinese Village [Berkeley:University of California Press ,1984],pp.141,237;Jonathan Unger ,“Remuneration,Ideology ,and Personal Interests in a Chinese Village,1960-1980”,in William L.Parish [ed.],Chinese Rural Development:The Great Transformation[Armonk :M.E.Sharpe ,1985],pp.117-140;Anita Chan ,Richard Madsen ,and Jonathan Unger,Chen Village Under Mao and Deng [Berkeley:University of CaliforniaPress ,1992],pp.93,249);and Helen F.Siu ,Agents and Victims in SouthChina :Accomplices in Rural Revolution [New Haven :Yale University Press,1989],p.231)。中文资料方面,可参看国家农业委员会《农业集体化重要文件汇编,1958-1981》(北京:中共中央党校出版社,1981),p.874.
5有关其他地方乡村干部不愿实行计件制的情况,可参看David Zweig ,“Peasants,Ideology,and New Incentive Systems:Jiangsu Province ,1978-1981,”in WilliamL.Parish (ed.),Chinese Rural Development:The Great Transformation (Armonk:Sharpe ,1985),p.146;Chan ,Madsen ,and Unger,Chen Village UnderMao and Deng,p.249.
7有关大寨工分制在全国各地的实行情况,参见Jonathan Unger,“Remuneration,Ideology,and Personal Interests in a Chinese Village ,1960-1980”。
8其他地方类似的现象,参见Laurel Bossen ,Chinese Women and Rural Development:Sixty Years of Change in Lu Village,Yunnan (Lanham:Rowman and Littlefield,2002),pp.111-112.
9有关此一问题的详细分析,见李怀印Li Huaiyin,“Family Life Cycle and PeasantIncome in Socialist China :Evidence from Qin Village”,Journal of Family History,Vol.30,No.1(2005),pp.121-138;and Li Huaiyin ,“Life Cycle,Labor Remuneration,and Gender Inequality in a Chinese Agrarian Collective,”Journal of Peasant Studies,Vol.32,No.2(2005)。