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An abortive Chinese enlightenment: The Cultural Revolution and class theory
by Lin, Weiran, Ph.D., The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1996, 476 pages; AAT 9708831
Abstract (Summary)
This thesis treats the Cultural Revolution (1966-69) essentially as an ideological movement to inspire the Chinese people to build an ideal society transcending class polarization. Based on research in official documents, Red Guard publications, and underground journals, this study focuses on the differentiation of two class theories, old and new. The old class theory prevailed before the Cultural Revolution, emphasizing social divisions prior to the Communist victory of 1949. The new class theory arose with the unfolding of the Cultural Revolution, stressing social inequalities under socialism. Conflict between these two theories was a major factor contributing to the rebel/conservative division among the masses during the revolution. Indoctrination in the old class theory greatly enhanced the state's efforts to remold society. The rise of the new class theories unleashed social forces to transform the state. Ideological transformations were a leading force for change in Mao's China. This conclusion challenges the models of both totalitarianism and civil society, which presuppose a conventional paradigm of the relationship between state and society. My examination of the new class theory suggests that ideology provided the space for state and society to exchange ideas--a space where argument and logic, not violence and political power, determine the outcome. Ideology thus belonged to both state and society, constituting the public sphere.
The Cultural Revolution failed, however. It came to a premature end, leaving no positive ideology for the Chinese people. The failure of the Cultural Revolution struck a death knell for Mao Zedong Thought, perhaps the greatest tragedy of the Cultural Revolution. By totally negating the Cultural Revolution and abandoning Mao Zedong Thought, the Chinese people negated numerous great efforts of their revolutionary past and abandoned many fine Chinese traditions, resulting in their complete surrender to vulgar Western ideologies.
The thesis concludes, nevertheless, that the final stage of the Cultural Revolution is yet to come. Driven by an unrestrained market economy to moral uncertainty, the Chinese people are now desperately looking for alternatives. The revolutionary ideas and ideals of the Cultural Revolution may yet become an ideological source for their future.
Indexing (document details)
Advisor: Meisner, Maurice
School: The University of Wisconsin - Madison
School Location: United States -- Wisconsin
Keyword(s): Red Guard, Mao Zedong
Source: DAI-A 57/12, p. 5260, Jun 1997
Source type: Dissertation
Subjects: History, Political science
Publication Number: AAT 9708831
ISBN: 9780591233087
ProQuest document ID: 739590071
一场夭折的中国文化启蒙运动
译者: 李玉华
作者: 林伟然
副标题: 阶级斗争理论和文化大革命
统一书号: 4554-823
页数: 210
定价: 38.00
出版社: UMI Company
装帧: 平装
出版年: 2003
简介 · · · · · ·
本书为林伟然先生的博士论文,完成于1996年,由其遗孀李玉华女士译成中文。原英文标题为:An Abortive Chinese Enlightenment:The Cultural Revolution and Class Theory。
作为大陆文革的亲历者,作者经过多年研究,认为:文化大革命是一场不成功的意识形态的革命,它从根本上改变了中国人的心理状态和思维方式,为70年代末开始的改革开放打下了基础,同时也给中国人民带来了很大的思想混乱。中国人今天大都否定这场革命,实际上代表着两种不同的政治需要:一种认为文化大革命没有进行到底,另一种则反对这场运动所公开宣称的目的。
作者认为意识形态在社会主义中国扮演着特别重要的角色,60年代兴起的“新阶级斗争”理论对文革中动员群众起来造反起到关键性的作用。运动夭折的灾难性后果,形成今天中国社会问题的死结:一方面社会依赖于国家机器来进行改革,另一方面国家机器需要社会的力量来进行重新改造,而文革半途而废的结果,既不可能产生前者,又失去了后者。
目录
前言
第一章 介绍:思想意识形态在社会主义中国的特别角色
第二章 背景介绍:文化大革命以前的阶级斗争理论
第三章 文化大革命早期阶级斗争理论的思想意识形态再定位
第四章 文化大革命晚期对阶级斗争理论重新解释的尝试
第五章 为民主的阶级斗争:文化大革命后的阶级理论
第六章 结论和思考:文化大革命作为一场流产的中国启蒙运动
译后记
作者简介 · · · · · ·
林伟然(1949?-1997)1982年毕业于华南师范学院(现改名为华南师范大学)历史系;1988年赴美,1992年起在美国威斯康星大学(麦迪逊)历史系师从林毓生教授攻读博士学位。1997年死于癌症。
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