Abstract: As a special, symbolized period, the decade of 1980s has become an historical chapter various parties have conspired to make the writing of it a literary race. As a result, many issues that are crucial to representing the decade in its original face have been revised and reconstructed at will. Whether intentionally or not, the main ideological thread that runs through this special period has been dimmed with aberrations. The author argues that the central issue of 1980s is “how to prevent the Great Cultural Revolution from happening again”, and the central topic is “anti-feudalism”. The cultural and ideological evolution of the entire 1980s is from “anti-Cultural Revolution” to “anti-feudalism”, then to “anti-tradition”, and lastly to the so-called “cultural zeal”. The whole evolutionary process is interspersed with reflections on the Great Cultural Revolution. Enlightenment is the essence of the entire 1980s, for it underlies the transition from “anti-Cultural Revolution” to “anti-feudalism” to “anti-tradition”. In other words, the entire 1980s belongs to the epoch of “New Enlightenment”.