「英文摘要」The rectification movement of the entire nation in 1957and 1958wasa large-scale political movement launched by the Communistparty of China after the founding of New China,lasting for a long timeand with profound influences.This political movement centering on thebig debate on the two roads of socialism and capitalism involved all walksof life :the countryside;the factories,mines and enterprises;thearmy;national minorities;democratic parties ;industrial and commercialcircles ;scientific ,educational and cultural fields,etc.To someextent it played a positive role in improving the working-style of cadresand promoting the development of production ,but its negative impactshould not be underestimated.The mass movement of this kind ran counterto the laws of socialist construction and added fuel to thefire for thelaunching of the 'Great Leap Forward“。