毛澤東整肅林彪事件新探（齊茂吉）

hachen

《兩岸發展史研究》第五期，頁169-224，2008年6月，國立中央大學歷史研究所

摘　要
九屆二中全會後，毛澤東抓住廬山會議問題不放，逼迫黃永勝、吳法憲、葉群、李作鵬、邱會作先後寫出書面檢討，結果在吳法憲、葉群的書面檢討上，毛澤東批示極為嚴厲，完全不給林彪任何情面。毛澤東真正的目的就是逼林彪表態認錯，然林彪不為所動，硬頂到底，毛、林關係日益惡化。
此一期間，毛澤東指示召開一系列會議，名義上是批判陳伯達，實質上是鬥爭黃、吳、葉、李、邱這五人，並將矛頭指向林彪。顯然，毛澤東已決定打倒林彪。接下來在南巡期間，毛澤東不僅直接點名批判林彪，而且也警告地方大員與林彪劃清界限。根據中共官方說法，林彪指使其子林立果策劃反毛政變，準備在南巡途中，謀刺毛澤東。不料，毛澤東突然改變行程，提前返回北京，而粉碎了這場政變。
當年，林彪下達〈第一個號令〉，一夕之間調動千軍萬馬。可是在這場政變中，林彪除了寫了一份手令外，即無任何作為，始終隱身幕後。如果林彪下定決心要發動一場反毛政變的話，為何不動員黃、吳、李、邱以及他遍佈軍中的人脈網絡？為何身經百戰的沙場老將林彪會將如此重要的行動交給從未有過任何實戰經驗的林立果去策劃、執行呢？這也是此一事件中的最大疑點。對於林立果所作所為，事前林彪到底知不知情，恐怕也大有疑問。
值得注意的是，在南巡期間，毛澤東露出口風，對於林彪想打電話、寫信給他一事，竟然瞭若指掌。因此在這場戰役中，林彪始終落於下風，在毛澤東一連串的凌厲攻勢下，毛、林尚未正面交鋒，林彪即敗下陣來，倉惶出走，最後葬身異域大漠。
關鍵詞：毛澤東、林彪、林立果、政變



A New Investigation into Mao Zedong’s Purge
of Lin Biao
Mao-chi Chi*
Abstract
Following the Second Plenum of the Ninth Central Committee, Mao Zedong kept on mentioning the problems and issues of the Lushan plenum, in order to force Huang Yongsheng, Wu Faxian, Ye Qun, Li Zuopeng and Qiu Huizuo to confess their mistakes. Mao Zedong acrimoniously criticized the confessions of Wu Faxian and Ye Qun, leaving Lin Biao with all the blame. Mao’s underlying motive was to make Lin Biao admit his wrongs, but Lin proved totally impervious to this, which worsened his relationship with Mao.
During this period of time, Mao Zedong commanded that a series of meetings be held, ostensibly to criticize Chen Boda, but essentially to highlight the struggles between Huang, Wu, Ye, Li and Qiu, and to condemn the actions of Lin Biao. Obviously, Mao had decided to displace Lin Biao, and during a subsequent inspection tour to southern China, Mao not only criticized Lin Biao, but also warned local cadres not to have anything to do with him. According to the official Communist records, Lin Biao instructed his son, Lin Liguo, to plan an “anti-Mao coup d’état”, which apparently involved a plot to assassinate Mao during his inspection tour of southern China. However, Mao changed his itinerary unexpectedly and returned to Beijing a few days early, thus thwarting this coup.
In the past, Lin Biao had transmitted Order Number One, and also maneuvered a powerful army overnight. However, this time all Lin Biao did was to write down orders on paper then do nothing further, subsequently staying behind the scenes. If he really
* Professor, Graduate Institute of History, National Central University.

Journal of Cross-Strait Studies
No. 5, pp. 169-224, June 2008
Graduate Institute of History
National Central University