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美國掀起「文化大革命」風暴?馬斯克操刀「削弱官僚體系」...《日經》:恐影響國防與外交 美國總統川普(Donald Trump)上任後,便成立由美國企業家馬斯克(Elon Musk)執掌的諮詢機構「政府效率部」,目的在大幅削減聯邦政府開支。據《日經》報導,美國聯邦政府正遭受前所未見的大規模裁撤,在「改革」之名下,削弱官僚體系。《日經》指出,馬斯克在川普的授意下,計畫大幅裁減超過200萬名政府職員,並將聯邦政府的支出減少1兆美元,包括國防與外交預算。 以下為《日本經濟新聞》全文報導: 美國掀起「文化大革命」風暴 政府機構遭削弱影響外交 美國聯邦政府正遭受川普政府前所未見的大規模裁撤。在「改革」之名下,削弱官僚體系的計畫逐漸明朗。川普政府還計劃大幅削減國防預算,這一舉動勢必對全球局勢產生深遠影響。 超大規模的政府重組與裁撤 主導這項政策的是企業家伊隆・馬斯克所領導的政府效率化部(DOGE),這是川普總統透過行政命令設立的臨時機構,目標是縮小美國政府規模。 當我造訪華盛頓時,可以感受到政府裁撤帶來的衝擊。許多重要計畫的預算突然被削減,民間組織(NGO)與政府內部都充滿了對於失業的焦慮聲浪。 馬斯克在川普的授意下,計畫大幅裁減超過200萬名政府職員,並將聯邦政府的支出減少1兆美元(約150兆日圓),這相當於裁量性支出的一半以上,其中包括國防與外交預算。 馬斯克的行動極具決心,他向大多數政府職員發送了早期退休通知,甚至暫時關閉了負責海外援助的美國國際開發署(USAID),該機構擁有約1萬名員工。本週起,國防部亦開始裁減5400名非軍職人員。 根據路透社報導,退伍軍人事務部已解雇超過1000名試用期員工,美國森林局也讓超過3000名員工提前退休。教育部、消費者金融保護局、人事管理局等機構亦開始針對試用期員工發出解雇通知。 此舉已經遠遠超越了「提高政府效率」的範疇,川普政府的行動更像是在削弱官僚體系的權力。 美國版的「文化大革命」? 1966年至1976年,中國發生了文化大革命。當時,毛澤東為了奪回權力,發動運動,導致全國陷入混亂。他透過個人崇拜,煽動被稱為紅衛兵的年輕人,迫害知識分子與精英階層,並導致國家主席劉少奇與鄧小平等實務派領袖遭到罷黜,政府與教育機構的功能也嚴重受損。 雖然華盛頓當前的情況與當時的中國有所不同,但仍能發現相似之處。 DEI與USAID成為攻擊目標 為了掌握國家權力,川普將聯邦政府的官僚精英視為潛在敵人,因為聯邦政府內部的官員多數傾向自由派,並較支持民主黨。因此,川普利用馬斯克這名「紅衛兵」,試圖將不忠於他的政府職員清除。 川普特別敵視推動**DEI(多樣性、公平性、包容性)**政策的勢力。該政策在拜登政府時期廣泛推行,強調種族與性別多元化。但在川普支持者中,許多人反對少數族裔或性少數群體在政府與企業中獲得特殊優待。馬斯克也基於「能力至上」的觀點,與川普一同敵視DEI。 美國龐大的政府機構確實存在許多浪費,提高效率確有必要。然而,過度削減不僅會產生負面影響,甚至可能削弱關鍵政府機能。 美國外交政策的衝擊 特別令人擔憂的是外交政策的影響。USAID長期在中東歐及新興國家推動民主化,並資助獨立媒體與NGO,其年度預算高達400億美元(約6兆日圓)。 USAID的暫時關閉,對中國與俄羅斯來說是求之不得的好事。俄羅斯安全會議副主席梅德韋傑夫甚至稱讚這一舉措是「明智之舉」。 CIA與國防預算同樣面臨縮減 裁撤風暴也波及國家安全領域。據美國媒體報導,川普政府已向中央情報局(CIA)全體職員發出早期退休通知。 曾在川普第一任期內參與國安政策的前高官透露,川普一直將CIA視為「敵人」,因為2016年美國大選時,CIA曾調查其團隊與俄羅斯勾結干預選舉的指控。儘管官方調查最終未能找到決定性證據,但川普始終認為CIA試圖打擊他。 更值得關注的是國防部的動向。據**《華盛頓郵報》2月19日報導,國防部長海格塞斯已收到指示,在未來五年內,每年削減國防預算8%**,並計畫解雇拜登政府時期任命的軍方高層官員。 川普的國安顧問指出,美國在軍備研發與採購上確實存在巨額浪費,因此有改善空間。然而,國防部前高官警告,如果缺乏周密分析就貿然削減預算,可能導致美國的軍事威懾力下降。 文化大革命應作為借鏡 對美國及其盟友而言,最佳情境是這場裁撤行動能提高政府效率,並加強美國對中國與俄羅斯的競爭力。 日本綜合研究所的資深研究員吳軍華分析指出:「毛澤東與川普的手法在某些方面相似,兩者都試圖利用民間力量來破壞既有的權力結構。」 但他進一步表示:「不同的是,川普的目標是提高政府效率。如果這場改革成功,美國將可能重新崛起為超級大國。中國或許正戰戰兢兢地觀察這一變化。」 中國曾因文化大革命而浪費了寶貴的十年,如今川普政府若能以此為借鏡,避免重蹈覆轍,將是更明智的選擇。 (圖片來源:三立新聞) https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E7%BE ... 3%BB-073302998.html |
Gowest 发表于 2025-3-17 19:50 Trump's cost-slashing Cultural Revolution risks harming U.S. Defense and diplomacy not spared from Elon Musk-led purge of bureaucrats HIROYUKI AKITA February 25, 2025 22:36 JST TOKYO -- U.S. President Donald Trump's administration is embarking on an unprecedented campaign of cost cuts in the federal government, designed to dramatically weaken the bureaucracy in the name of reform, with potentially global repercussions. Elon Musk is heading this effort as the head of the Department of Government Efficiency, or DOGE, a temporary organization created by Trump's executive order. There is widespread shock in Washington over the restructuring. Budgets for important projects were abruptly cut, and government workers and employees of nongovernmental organizations worried that they could lose their jobs. At Trump's behest, Musk aims to significantly pare down the federal workforce from its current headcount of more than 2 million, and slash federal spending by over $1 trillion. The latter cuts would amount to more than half of all discretionary outlays, including spending on defense and foreign policy. Musk is taking his task seriously. The administration sent an email to most government employees encouraging them to take "deferred resignations." The U.S. Agency for International Development, which oversees foreign aid and employed roughly 10,000 people, was temporarily forced to shut down. The Department of Defense is set to lay off 5,400 civilian workers this week. The Department of Veterans Affairs and the Forest Service have fired more than 1,000 and over 3,000 employees still in their probationary periods, respectively, according to Reuters. The Department of Education, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and the Office of Personnel Management have also issued layoff notices to probationary workers. This has already gone beyond streamlining. The effort verges on effectively weakening the U.S. bureaucracy. In China, between 1966 and 1976, Communist Party leader Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution in a bid to shore up his control over the party, throwing the country into chaos. He stirred up young "Red Guards" through a cult of personality to persecute intellectual elites. Pragmatist elites such as then-President Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping were forced out of power, and government institutions and schools became crippled. ![]() Mao Zedong sparked China's decade-long Cultural Revolution, which forced out elites and weakened government and educational institutions. © Getty Images/Kyodo Though the scales involved are very different, some aspects of that time resemble what is happening in Washington now. Trump perceives bureaucratic elites in the federal government as a potential threat to his grip on power. Many bureaucrats are believed to lean liberal, favoring the Democratic Party. Trump is using Musk as Mao's Red Guard to purge workers who do not show sufficient loyalty. The president is especially hostile toward diversity, equity and inclusion efforts in the government, which broadened under previous President Joe Biden. Many of Trump's supporters believe members of racial or ethnic minority groups should not receive special consideration in government or corporate hiring. Musk also opposes DEI on the grounds that ability should be the top priority. There is plenty of waste to be found in the enormous U.S. government, and its efficiency needs to be improved. Going too far with DEI can also cause harm. But drastic steps intended to destroy institutions risk weakening important functions of the government. The impact on foreign policy is of particular concern. USAID has supported independent media and NGOs in Central and Eastern Europe and emerging countries to promote democracy. It has an annual budget of $40 billion. Its shutdown was welcome news for China and Russia, which have opposed the agency's work. Dmitry Medvedev, deputy chairman of Russia's Security Council, praised it as a "smart move." The cuts extend as far as national security. The offer of deferred resignations went out to the entire Central Intelligence Agency, U.S. media reported. According to a former senior official who handled national security policy during the first Trump administration, the president considers U.S. intelligence agencies to be political enemies, after he was suspected of colluding with Russia to interfere with the 2016 presidential election. A public investigation into the matter ended after finding no conclusive evidence. Trump "believes the CIA leaked such information in an attempt to bring him down," the former official said. All eyes are on the impact on the Department of Defense and the military. The Washington Post reported Wednesday that Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth ordered defense budget cuts of 8% annually over the next five years. He has also dismissed top military officers who had been appointed under Biden. "The development and procurement of weapons, which involves a huge budget, is expensive, and there is much room for greater efficiency," a security expert close to Trump said. But a former senior DoD official warned that "rushing to cut budgets without scrutiny could lead to a decline in deterrence." The best-case scenario for the U.S. and its allies would be a restructuring that improves the government's efficiency and enables it to better compete against China and Russia. "Mao's and Trump's methods are similar in that they both galvanized the masses in an attempt to destroy existing power structures," said Wu Junhua, research director at Japan Research Institute and an expert in China's internal affairs. "But the latter aims to streamline a bloated government. If he succeeds, the U.S. is likely to be revived as a superpower. China is probably watching with trepidation." China's Cultural Revolution wasted 10 valuable years. Trump should use its failures as a cautionary tale. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotligh ... n-risks-harming-U.S |
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